Two key components of an argumentative essay are the reasons and evidence. Slavery not only expropriated the fruits of its victims labor, but also assaulted the moral and mental faculties by which, once freed, they might otherwise have put their labor to profitable and elevating uses. The United States should ban capital punishment. Frederick Douglass shows her fast transformation from generosity to hard-heartedness to show the pernicious effect slavery has on white slave owners. To be deprived of the vote in America, or in any democracy, he continued, is to suffer a double injustice. Accept the criticism of the counterclaim. Counterclaim and Refutation Sentence Frames. John W. Blassingame and John R. McKivigan (New Haven: Yale University Press, 19791992), p. 430 (hereinafter Douglass Papers). The federal government would find itself surrounded by a hostile spirit in the lately rebellious states, he warned, and the strength to counterbalance this spirit would be found in the negroes of the south.[40] Moreover, a policy of equal suffrage would have, over time, a more profound integrative effect in the healing of racial divisions. So, not only does the author work on proving their claim, but they work on disproving the counterclaim or opposition's argument. In it, he articulated in an unforgettable manner the core meaning and mission of America, drawing inspiration, he said, from the magnificent words of the nations two great founding documents, the Constitution and the Declaration of Independence. on his farm recently because of a lack of water, so he decides to research how many acres of farm land were lost in his area during the last extended drought. (a) What main claim shapes Douglass's speech? This strategy displays the idea that slaves were seen as property and could be discarded easily. The implication was that the agitation that abolitionists had begun could never be finally pacified until slavery was finally abolished. If you're ever going to convince your mom to get that new cell phone that's just perfect for you, you're going to have to move beyond mere opinions. [45] Two things are noteworthy about this proposal. It is very clear that Douglass wants us as readers understand the true humanity of him and other slaves and wants to show the extent to which perceptions of inequality are flawed. For example, one popular reason in support of the claim about banning capital punishment is that capital punishment costs taxpayers more than life in prison. Counterclaim - Definition, Examples, Cases, Processes - Legal Dictionary II, p. 375. Are there predictions to be made about future developments of this issue? A claim of policy is an argument in support of, in opposition or, or for the alteration of an existing policy, law, or mandate. An effective argumentative essay will bring up counterclaims for two reasons: Bringing up counterclaims provides the author with a sense . The words you choose make a difference in your writing. Proponents of this skeptical view cite the persistence of racial segregation in neighborhoods and schools; the persistence of stark disparities between black and white Americans in various measures of social and economic well-being; and, most alarmingly, the deepening alienationthe nihilism, as Cornel West candidly named it[2]prevalent among many AfricanAmericans living in urban poverty. Provide a quotation from the speech that shows Douglass's response to the counterclaim identified. [55] My Bondage and My Freedom, in Autobiographies, p. 287; Douglass, Self-Elevation, in Life and Writings, Vol. how does douglass refute this counterclaim? (a) In what ways is Douglass's word choice suited to his audience? What I ask for the negro, he explained in 1865, is not benevolence, not pity, not sympathy, but simply justice.[48]. We are able to explore new ideas and concepts, which leads to more knowledge. In his reasonable faith in their ultimate triumph in America, Douglass found an enormous reservoir of strength that he labored to share with others. Argumentative essays have a basic structure that allows some room for the author's discretion. [47] Douglass, Self-Made Men, in Douglass Papers, Vol. For Douglasss ultimately irrepressible faith in America was not at all a natural inheritance or an easy acquisition. how does douglass refute this counterclaim? Fortunately, his master never treated him unkindly, until he was sent to be with a master that was the extreme opposite. [17] Douglass, Speech on the Dred Scott Decision, May 11, 1857, in Life and Writings, Vol. He taught them through all their hardships to love their country and their future in it. As he renewed his labors for justice and progress for the freedpeople, Douglass had to confront a nettlesome question, lingering in the minds even of many anti-slavery whites, that had long obstructed the abolitionist cause. athenaeum club southend membership fees. He cites literacy as a pathway to humanity and ultimately freedom, one which he ironically discovered when Mr. Auld made his feelings about black literacy known. [6] James Madison, Speech of June 6, 1787, in Records of the Federal Convention of 1787, Vol. Frederick Douglass's America: Race, Justice, and the Promise of the IV, pp. Add an answer. Our summaries and analyses are written by experts, and your questions are answered by real teachers. I have had but one answer from the beginning. Key Arguments in "The Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass" Additionally, it comes from a credible source: an academic paper from the. This is her first step from being a kind-hearted woman with generous tendencies to harnessing her natural instincts and instead becoming cruel. how does douglass refute this counterclaim? The broadest and bitterest of the black mans misfortunes is the fact that he is everywhere regarded and treated as an exception to the principles and maxims which apply to other men.[35], In its concrete applications, Douglasss principle of fair play meant first that the white majority must refrain from various courses of action whereby it might be tempted to evade rather than to resolve properly the problem of race relations. -yes! [46] One of the most corrupting, debilitating effects of slavery, in Douglasss analysis, was its fostering of a cultural disdain for laboring as an activity beneath the dignity of truly free, truly human beings. Drawing upon that faith, he taught black Americans and all other Americans to stand up for justice and to strive for excellence. Douglass proposed the chartering of a national land and loan company empowered to purchase available tracts of land and then to resell or lease those lands to members of the newly emancipated class. Religion and intellectual inferiority were concepts that were used to manipulate the minds of everyone around into believing that practicing slavery was acceptable. Viewed in its larger significance, the Union victory meant a victory not only over an extreme, implicitly anarchic variant of the state-sovereignty doctrine, but also over the no less pernicious doctrines of sectionalism and racial supremacy. Evaluating an Argument Guidelines & Examples | What is an Argument? 280 (1981), established criteria that supervisors must consider in determining an appropriate penalty to impose for an act of employee misconduct. Its easy for us to admit that slavery is wrong but, in Frederick Douglasss time no one thought that it was. Why, then, did Douglass speak as harshly as he did? He shouted with joy when he was able to achieve this feat. She has something to say against your claim that you need a new cell phone, and it goes something like, 'No, you don't.'. Check your answer in a print or an online college-level dictionary, Identify and define two other words in which the prefix ob- means "against." I was nothing before, he wrote in his autobiography, reflecting on the episode. Let us consider first the difficulties. In 2016, slavery has become a distant memory. [27], Through long and deep reflection, Douglass finally came to regard Lincoln as the one manto whom we are more indebted for a United Nation and for American liberty than to any otherthe greatest statesman that ever presided over the destinies of this Republic.[28], Lincolns assassination was the crowning crime of slavery, as Douglass declared in his 1876 memorial, and it was also a damaging blow to hopes for a just and prudent policy for the nations postwar reconstruction. Using stories to illustrate each of his points, Douglass shows that black slaves only tell whites they are happy to avoid retribution, that they sing to mourn and lament their fate, and that owners who have gone to revival meetings and come back "converted" to Christianity feel even more emboldened to beat and mistreat their slaves, because it is Biblically sanctioned that slaves must obey their masters. [46] See Madison, Property, in Madison: Writings (New York: Library of America, 1999), pp. Philip S. Foner (New York: International Publishers, 195075), p. 236 (hereinafter Life and Writings). How does the struggle for freedom change with history? Slavery has been around since the 1700s, but the subject of slavery is controversial because it not only includes information written from former slaves, but information acquired from historians. 2023 eNotes.com, Inc. All Rights Reserved, Masterplots II: African American Literature Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, an American Slave, Written by Himself Analysis, Critical Edition of Young Adult Fiction Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, an American Slave, Written by Himself Analysis, Critical Context (Masterplots II: African American Literature), Critical Context (Critical Edition of Young Adult Fiction), Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, An American Slave, Written by Himself, Frederick Douglass. In paragraph 5, what does douglass acknowledge as a counterclaim to Power, Protest, and Change Test (blonde davis, Intro To Business Chapter Three (Part Two), The Language of Composition: Reading, Writing, Rhetoric, Lawrence Scanlon, Renee H. Shea, Robin Dissin Aufses, Literature and Composition: Reading, Writing,Thinking, Carol Jago, Lawrence Scanlon, Renee H. Shea, Robin Dissin Aufses, Edge Reading, Writing and Language: Level C, David W. Moore, Deborah Short, Michael W. Smith. What have you learned about the struggle for freedom from reading this speech? [60] He feared that such a development among black Americans likewise would be the effect of continuing failures to do justice by American institutions, as it could result also from the disaffection propagated by black advocates of emigration, despairing of Americas prospects for reform. Contrary to conventional wisdom, it's much more costly to execute a person than to imprison them for life" (Andre and Velasquez). The proper remedy for these violations, as he conceived of it, was in accord with this conviction. Douglass refutes Fitzhughs pro-slavery argument of the average slave living an ideal life, by disproving early ideas of the free labor system and paternalism through real life encounters of the physical oppression slaves faced on the day to day basis in the forms of inhumane treatment and violence, as well as the true harsh, The brutality that slaves endured form their masters and from the institution of slavery caused slaves to be denied their god given rights. Kimberly has taught Reading/Language Arts to intermediate and middle school students and holds a Master's Degree. If you've ever said this or something like it, you've made a claim. In an argument, your, 'My cell phone doesn't have Internet access,' would need to be beefed up a little, to, 'My current cell phone doesn't provide Internet access, which is necessary for me to complete all my homework.' In the end, these elements of freedom-becoming educated-led to his last act of rebellion, which he thought would bring him freedom. Your fathers, the fathers of this republic, did, most deliberatelyand with a sublime faith in the great principles of justice and freedom, lay deep the corner-stone of the national superstructure, which has risen and still rises in grandeur around you. Under each type of claim is an example of that claim on the topic of capital punishment. Criticizethe reasoning of the counterclaimas being flawed, illogical, or biased. To remedy the degradation and impoverishment that proceeded from this culture of indolence, Douglass throughout the postwar years insistently extolled the property right and the virtues of free labor that supported it, and he called upon his fellow black Americans in particular to cultivate the self-reliant virtues of industry, productivity, and thrift. How he acquired it is a part of his story not to be neglected. He talks about how grateful he is that america is young because it has time to create its own path without a past to hold it down. Suppose that you are trying to get information from people who equivocate. Post author: Post published: junho 10, 2022 Post category: comcast central division leadership Post comments: semi pro football tulsa semi pro football tulsa II, p. 360. Try refreshing the page, or contact customer support. position? "In addition to wasting lives, the death penalty also wastes money. The existence of capital punishment deters violent crimes, Bringing up counterclaims provides the author with a sense of, Bringing up counterclaims allows the author to provide a, This above quote is an example of strong evidence because it directly relates to the claim and reasoning, providing factual evidence of the actual cost of capital punishment versus life in prison. Douglasss suggestions in these remarks about the proper way to conceive of reparation for slavery nicely encapsulate his political thought in the postwar period and indeed throughout his entire career. Counterclaims are arguments of the opposing side which the author will address. -douglas was trying to to reach to people who didn't agree with slavery, but never did anything to fight against it. The conclusion should sum up the author's entire argument from the essay. [43] True abolition and true liberation, in Douglasss understanding, required the restoration of slaves property rights, not the elimination of all others property. Most enslaved people did not resist so openly, and fewer still ran away as Douglass did, but all, he makes clear, struggled to retain their humanity in the face of slavery's brutality.