Anything descriptive. Not with poetry, and not even with prose, where the difficulty is generally assumed to be less. The combination of the first two types of are clear pointed out to the reader in the beginning where the author used indirect speech for giving clear details about the main character and also this type is used through whole novel for giving more detail where it is necessary, the direct speech is used by the author in order to show to the reader the way of talking of the characters of the novel. But the impossibility of such a fantasy is the tragedy of Holden's situation: rather than face the challenges around him, he retreats to a fantasy world of his own making. Distinguishing between various meanings of a word of general vocabulary. London: Penguin Books Ltd., 1988. In the book The Catcher in the Rye, in chapter 20, why does Holden do his "bullet in the guts" number again? The pressure of adolescent sexualityan important theme throughout The Catcher in the Rye makes itself felt here for the first time: Holden's greatest worry is that Stradlater will make sexual advances toward Jane. support@phdessay.com. Meaning is not some abstract object that is independent of people and culture. Such statements may help us understand why the person committed the crime, however an uncritical listener may believe the speaker is trying to gain sympathy for the person and his or her actions. Purchasing His catcher in the rye fantasy reflects his innocence, his belief in pure, uncorrupted youth, and his desire to protect that spirit; on the other hand, it represents his extreme disconnection from reality and his naive view of the world. "Aw, the World's a Crumby Place." The most frequent types of difficulties arising from translation that can be proposed to assess in any translation are the following: The method of penalization of errors must be previously established, using clear criteria, and placing emphasis on the lack of coherence, especially regarding meaning and sense, whether it is due to faulty translation, missing items or the wrong application of lexical, semantic, grammatical, graphemic and/or cultural transfer. As his thoughts about the Museum of Natural History demonstrate, Holden fears change and is overwhelmed by complexity. Idiomatic and fixed expressions have individual collocational patterns. Loneliness supposes a change in life for too many characters. Ackley's room Simile is a more cautious form of metaphor. The writer also used this stylistic devise like comparison in order to give a clear description of Ackley through the next comparison dirty as hell( J.D.Salinger:19)and the author pointed out that there are people that dont look very good as using the rules that are taken in society for a good looking. Use of short sentences and AND clauses that link short sentences: That isnt too far from this crumby place. ?>. His monologues are actually a linked association of ideas: he begins talking about his childhood, which leads him to his parents; then, while mentioning his New York adventures, he says that his brother already knows all about it, so he starts talking about his brother, that he has a talent for writing, but now lives in Hollywood wasting his energies in movies, which enables Holden to express his opinion about movies. When he finally gets around to writing Stradlater's composition, he only does it because he is thinking about his dead brother and sees how he could write that "descriptive composition" about Allie. 81) The Ducks in the pond are symbolic in many ways, they prove that some vanishings are only temporary. This essay was written by a fellow student. Your subscription will continue automatically once the free trial period is over. Translators false friends result from transferring the sounds of a source language word literally into the target language. The real thing, with the curtain of language somehow made transparent. The researched material showed all the types of translation difficulties used in the work The Catcher in the Ray by the author. Why does Holden hate Ackley? One of the fist stylistic devices that were used by the author in his novel The Cather in the Ray is characters speech. And this features enables the translator to use his creativity in translation. It cost him damn near four thousand bucks. The presence of the hat, therefore, mirrors the central conflict in the book: Holden's need for isolation versus his need for companionship. Holden then asks Stradlater who the girl he was dating was. He worshipped the memory of Allie,and he kept Allie's left-handed mitt in his suitcase. equivalence of form and shape. It is very frequent when grammatical and lexical transformations demand supplementation or omission of some words or elements. This type contain two subtypes and one of these subtypes is Interjections and Exclamatory words which are words that that we use when we express our feelings strongly and which may be said to exist in language as conventional symbols of human emotions. eNotes.com will help you with any book or any question. The ducks and their pond are symbolic in several ways. D Salinger. Another fight with Stradlater Feb 13, 2023 - Feb 14, 2023 If you do, you start missing everybody"? Distinguishing between general vocabulary and specialized terms. To accomplish this matter we are going to focus our attention on several points that are important elements of the lexical peculiarities and translation difficulties and that reflect in an accurate way the main meanig of the writing and more specifically. Your group members can use the joining link below to redeem their group membership. The fact that he keeps the mitt with poems inside, tells the reader that Holden has not let go of his past nor of innocence. He just got a Jaguar. Allie's glove, with the green writing on it, is symbolic of isolation. His brother Allie's (died from leukemia) baseball glove which had poems written all over it in green ink to read while out in the field. If originally published today, the novel would probably create little publicity and garner only average book sales. This shift is central to Modernism. Salinger. Holden is a 16-year-old boy who is struggling with the aftermath of his younger brother's death. Pinned, Holden continues to insult Stradlater, accusing him of thinking he can have sex with anyone he wants. These mistakes are caused not only by difference in their semantic structure but by the difference of their usage as well which demand lexical changes. The types of the lexical peculiarities and their meanig would be pointed out in the context of this reserch paper. Mothers are all slightly insane(Salinger 176), this shows Holdens belief that all adults are in one way or another phony. Why is Holden worried about Jane and her date with Stradlater? It should be mention that this research work represents a great theoretical value for those willing to take up their future carrier in the field of translations as invaluable reference to the methods and the ways of translation of literary masterpieces. . The word kid is one of the numerous words which is used in the context with all his meanings such as Ackley kid? I have also tried to briefly present the reception of the novel, the translations and solutions offered to the problems raised by Salingers use of colloquial language in other countries. He had been given an early acceptance to college and was starting the next semester. Rev. He ran a tired hand through his hair.The word tired logically is linked with he, syntactically with hand. One must remember, however, in the study and critique of the novel, particularly for a researcher or critic in 1996 that the story was written in a different time. In all languages there are typical norms of word combinability. Attempting to remedy this, Bethany K. Dumas and Jonathan Lighter argue that an expression should be considered "true slang" if it meets at least two of the following criteria: In the novel Holden says I put my red hunting hat on, and turned the peak around to the back, the way I liked it, and then I yelled at the top of my god dam voice, "Sleep tight, ya morons! " However, our English teacher was a belligerent person who claimed to know the 'mind of the writer' and claimed to have know him . This first type of difficulty is the task of distinguishing between a use of a word as a specialized term and its use as a word of general vocabulary. Salinger. It was discussed the reasons which led to the negative reactions around The Catcher in the Rye and its repeated banning and removal from schools and high schools reading lists since its first publication until nowadays, and also some similar cases in American literature. J. D. Salinger and The Catcher in the Rye Background. As far as idioms and phraseological units are concerned in translation, the first difficulty that a translator comes across is being able to recognize that s/he is dealing with an idiomatic expression. I'd just be the catcher in the rye and all. Copyright 2023 Literary Devices. His former teacher is needling him about his failures at Pencey; at this point, he lectures Holden about the importance of playing by the rules. We are lucky to present you. Nobodyd move. On the one hand, despises his room mates and headmaster of Elton Hills prep school ,but does have a favorite teacher. In contextual usage of a word in poetry or prose often point to the authors penetration into the depth of the words semantic structure. It is as if the mitt fills a void in Holden or gives him comfort when the hole becomes unbearable. cite it. He is angry at life for being so unfair. Stradlater had said the composition was supposed to be a simple description of a room, a house, or something similarly straightforward. What did Holden write Stradlater's composition about *? The general conclusion that can be drawn is that there cannot be a perfect translation, but there can be made efforts to try to find the best version of rendering a text from the SL into the TL. The semantics of a word includes word perception characteristic to the studied language, being more precise to the bearers of the studied language. Alliefelt separate from his teammates while playing baseball. Unless the target-language idiom corresponds to the source-language idiom both in form and in meaning, the play on idiom cannot be successfully reproduced in the target text. What happens to Holden after his date with Sally Hayes and his meeting with Carl Luce both end badly? The fact that this test again depends on speakers' judgments about relatedness, however, means that this test for polysemy is not infallible, but is rather merely a helpful conceptual aid. The many negative reactions were mainly caused by the social and political background of the postwar period, by misunderstanding the text, by misreading it, by associating the novel with famous criminals and the reading of the novel by the wrong audienceteenagers instead of adults. He always mentions when hes wearing it and he often doesnt wear it if he is going to be around people he associates with. Words in languages have some definite relation characteristic only to the given language. the catcher in the rye study guide sparknotes web the catcher in the rye is j d salinger s 1951 novel of post war alienation told by angst ridden teen holden caulfield controversial at the time of publication for its frank language it was an instant best Phoniness, which is probably the most famous phrase from The Catcher in the Rye, is one of Holden's favorite concepts. how my parents were occupied and all []. 2009, https://www.enotes.com/homework-help/when-holden-writes-composition-for-stradlater-in-73535. Salinger, J.D. They used to live near each other and hung out over the summer, Holden really liked her. Short Summaries of the Books . A major theme and also strong influence concerns the war and the army life present throughout his short stories, especially during and after his participation in the Second World War. 20% This research paper consist of two chapters. The first chapter deals with J. D. Salingers place in world literature, the most important influences on his writing style, the cultural and historical background behind his literary works and how they influenced and were reflected in his literary creations. Gradation of epithets, that is a sequence of synonymous epithets, is constructed on a different basis in English and in Romanian. Summary: Chapter 6. It is obvious from the start that Holden uses the hat as a mark of individuality and independence. Salinger uses religion in his works to comfort them so that they can proceed on their quest to achieve happiness. Salingers writings deal with characters fulfilling their quest for happiness. What did Holden write a composition about? I have a feeling that you're riding for some kind of terrible, terrible fall. They can be nouns, adjectives and verbs. Give her to me boy it was used for pointing out to the reader that Stradler with whom Holden discuss was a person that didnt pay attention to the persons beauty. Throughout the novel The Catcher in the Rye by J. D. Salinger obtain numerous symbols that persist in the book. Holden is upset with the show more content Holden writes an essay for his friend Stradlater for school .Holden writes a composition about Allies glove and the writings on Allie's mitt . flight weather turbulence forecast; best suv to lease under $500 a month; angels have paws grooming tallahassee; why is ruby red squirt discontinued. He does not want to grow up because hes afraid of the unknown, or whats coming next in his life. Holden has already demonstrated that he fears and does not know how to deal with conflict, confusion, and change. As the source of the book's title, this symbol merits close inspection. my first topic sentence isabout emotional feelings towards Allie but i don't knw what can i pick for the 2 nd topic sentence. The conclusion is that generally they have been successfully rendered and they have usually followed the ST.. Yet, while his behavior indicates his loneliness, Holden consistently shies away from introspection and thus doesn't really know why he keeps behaving as he does. The symbols I have chosen display Holden Caufields emotions, actions,. In this first chapter were also presented major biographical data on Salingers life and on his literary works in chronological order in order to emphasize the similarities and differences between his life and some of the events presented in his fiction. Holden's definition of phoniness relies mostly on a kind of self-deception: he seems to reserve the most scorn for people who think that they are something they are not or who refuses to acknowledge their own weaknesses. Traumatized and made acutely aware of the fragility of life by his brother Allie's death, Holden is terrified by the idea of change and disappearance. elements of grammar, which Popovic sees as being a higher category than lexical equivalence. There are several reasons for this difficulty. J. D. Salinger used a lot of stylistic device which made the content of the novel more exiting. Let us know your assignment type and we'll make sure to get you exactly the kind of answer you need. Already a member? Phraseologisms or expressions that would aspire at becoming so are formed in huge quantities, but do not always succeed. The stylistic device that was used by the author in the work is the following hyperbole Hes going to drive me home when I go home next month maybe. . The author used a lot of comparison in his work because through this stylistic devices J. D. Salinger introduce to the reader a lot of details of his characters and about his work. This chapter has also centered on presenting the major themes from Salingers literary highpoint, his novel and his Nine Stories collection. burlesque examples in catcher in the rye burlesque examples in catcher in the rye Using our knowledge of collocational patterns may not always tell us what an idiom means but it could easily help us in many cases to recognize an idiom, particularly one which has a literal as well as a non-literal meaning. Other metaphors are occasionally constructed in individual speech. The glove was covered with poems which Allie had written on it so he could read them when he became bored in the outfield. Some game. Once an idiom or fixed expression has been recognized and interpreted correctly, the next step is to decide how to translate it into the target language. In this chapter also will be exemplifies that Salingers fiction followed a chronological evolution, that there has been a well defined process of creating certain typical characters and that his characters evolved from the early prototypes in his short stories to the fully developed characters in his mature works, or even disappeared for good from his literary creations in a few cases. There are different types of lexical difficulties in translation and the main of them are: A polysemy is a word or phrase with multiple, related meanings. The ducks represented how he would feel, being happy. Paradigmatic equivalence, where there is equivalence of `the elements of a paradigmatic expressive axis', i.e. For this reason, the translator plays an important role as a bilingual or multi-lingual cross-cultural transmitter of culture and truths by attempting to interpret concepts and speech in a variety of texts as faithfully and accurately as possible. Language, then, is the heart within the bodies of culture, and it is the interaction between the two that results in the continuation of life-energy. Furthermore, it should be point out major differences in the translation of Salingers use of colloquial and taboo language in the English and Romanian versions, the Romanian version was the farthest because of its abundant use of euphemisms and euphemistic formulations throughout the book. "Anyway, that's what I wrote Stradlater's composition about. Stradlater is a "Yearbook" kind of handsome guy. When his parents return home, Holden slips out and visits his former and much-admired English teacher, Mr. Antolini, who expresses concern that Holden is headed for "a terrible fall". His creative work could appear only in our days. The writer of the novelThe Cather in the Ray also used another interjection such as Yeah? As there are no equivalent expressions in the target language, the nuances of this kind taken from the whole novel are lost in Romanian translation. Holden never comments on the hats significance other than to mention its unusual appearance. "Mad about Children." If unrecognized, they are translated interpreting the meaning of the single words to the letter, with doubtful outcome. Transposition, thats, change of structure of the sentence may be caused by several reasons. Stuff may also refer to: This word appear in the novel from the first pages ofthe noveland the author used the all meanings of the word stuff. The main aim is to analyze J. D. Salingers literary fiction and his impact on Romanian readers as reflected by the translations of his literary creations into Romanian, mainly centering on his novel: The Catcher in the Rye. This is why you remain in the best website to see the incredible book to have. Read more about the setting of The Catcher in the Rye. The worlds in which different societies live are distinct worlds, not merely the same world with different labels attached.. Another very important conclusion reached is that translations and retranslations are countrys literary system. . Finally, the pond itself becomes a minor metaphor for the world as Holden sees it, because it is partly frozen and partly not frozen. The pond is in transition between two states, just as Holden is in transition between childhood and adulthood. Translation must take into account a number of constraints, including context, the rules of grammar of the two languages, their writing conventions, and their idioms. .of becoming dangerously convoluted and static, Lodge implicitly challenges critics to revisit and reassess Salingers body of work. The Romanian version always uses euphemisms and euphemistic formulations when translating SL colloquial expressions (mainly explained by the social, political and cultural constraints from the period of its publication), while the second version uses (almost all the time) the same informal, at times vulgar, linguistic register as the ST, managing at the same time to capture the nuances and subtleties of the original. The tension between the two increases when Holden asks Stradlater about his date with Jane. The first problem is related to reading and comprehension ability in the source language. Belonging doesnt just happen; it involves many factors and experiences. We could think that The Catcher in the Rye is next to the classical humour (for example, two Mark Twai`s works: The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn and The Adventures of Tom Sawyer. Without a doubt, J.D. The lexical translation consists in expliciting through other words the denotative meaning of the phraseologism, giving up all the other style and connotation aspects. He reads Holden's composition and becomes visibly annoyed, asserting that it has nothing to do with the assignment and that it's no wonder Holden is being expelled. So this book supposed a big phenomenon of sales during Fifties and Sixties; but today, in the XXI century, catch more supporters and it is still editing, there are a lot of editions in different languages. One of the main problem or difficulty in translation- is the use of bilingual dictionaries. $18.74/subscription + tax, Save 25% Of course, Holden himself is guilty of both these crimes. It is characteristic to English language the availability of words with wide spread meaning. Renews March 10, 2023 J. D. Salinger is one of the main representatives of the Modern literature which is experimented with a wide variety of new approaches and techniques, producing a remarkably diverse body of literature. Here, the question is not whether a given idiom is transparent, opaque, or misleading. .(J. D. Salinger: p. 18) with the translation into Romanian like Ackley, pu?iule? More books than SparkNotes. Difference in the semantic structure of a word represents one of the main reason causing lexical difficulties in translation. How did Holden know Stradlater's date, Jane Gallagher? So it can be consider that J. D. Salinger has a rich literary base and he becomes a kind of teacher for several big writers. 125, No. J. D. Salinger also uses another comparison with the worst place that could exist as hell because the author pointed out through the comparison like sad as hell (J.D.Salinger:13) that he used this word also with another meaning like that the person that made the worst thing in this life because through this words the author showed to the reader that Holdens feelings were compared with a hell. A lot of critics were expressed after the publishing of J. D. Salingers novel The Catcher in the Rye. For example, his conversation with Carl Luce and his date with Sally Hayes are made unbearable by his rude behavior. As you can see the theme of the painfulness of growing up is very prevalent throughout The Catcher In The Rye. Our search for who we are is fuelled by our innate desire to achieve a sense of acceptance and belonging. The characters in J.D. Through experience it was learned that the consequences of wrong translations can be catastrophicespecially if done by laypersonsand mistakes made in the performance of this activity can obviously be irreparable. The mitt is representative of a "loss of innocence". Lexical peculiarities comprise the following difficulties: difference in the semantic volume of a word because a word exists in a close connection with the lexical-semantic system of a given language. All these meanings of this word could be seen in the third chapter in the example dirty hell in English that is translated into Romanian as ngrozitor de murdare that point out that the author used not only the main meaning of the word in his novel but and the secondary meanings of the word. Transposition is required when the English sentence contains a large group of nouns with indefinite article and then it is natural that they, being the center of informative message are placed at the end of the sentence. These elements, in English are: personals, demonstratives, and comparatives. A) because he often drinks and drives B) because he views her as a sexual conquest C) because he has another girlfriend D) because he will likely make her pay her own way B) because he views her as a sexual conquest 300 Does Holden really dislike Stradlater? Historical Context Essay: Mental Health in the Mid-Twentieth Century, Literary Context Essay: Vernacular Language & The Catcher in the Rye. This straightforward, simple read is nonetheless used in many schools today for its rich content of symbols and truthfulness. The author used the hyperbole which is deliberate overstatement or exaggeration and the aim of this hyperbole is to intensify the main features of the novel and to show its utter absurdity. Up home we wear a hat like that to shoot deer in, for Chrissake, he said. It often used in stylistic purposes and therefore a translator runs into two obstacles: he should avoid and at the same time not to break the norms of translation.