Ancient Mesopotamian literature developed c. 2600 BCE after scribes Studies in Eastern History; Vol. Babylonia under the Sealand and Kassite Dynasties, edited by Susanne Paulus and Tim Clayden, Berlin, Boston: De Gruyter, 2020, pp. Christ was at once a Koresh, a Hebrew, and a Yehudi. Kassite period, 14th century BCE. kudurru). Rulers with names in italics are considered fictional. Temples were granted whole villages with the tillers, who stood in dependency and an exploitation relationship (see Oelsner, 1982a, 1982b). Over the centuries, however, the Kassites were absorbed into the Babylonian population. Museum, British. The interest of the boundary stones for modern scholars is not only economic and religious but also artistic. KASSITES, a people who probably originated in the Zagros and who ruled Babylonia in the 16th-12th centuries BCE. The cookie is set by GDPR cookie consent to record the user consent for the cookies in the category "Functional". For the mineral, see, Brinkman, J. 19, no. This relief shows 3 different peoples essentially having Egyptian rule placed over them. Submitted tags will be reviewed by site administrator before it is posted online.If you enter several tags, separate with commas. Brinkman, J. Kassite. Krishna was the father of Abraham (Brahma). 131149, 1949, O. R. Gurney, Further Texts from Dur-Kurigalzu, Sumer, vol. Biblical Archaeology - Significant Discoveries from Ancient Empires. New Testament Overview - General survey of the New Testament. Babylonia under the Sealand and Kassite Dynasties, edited by Susanne Paulus and Tim Clayden, Berlin, Boston: De Gruyter, 2020, pp. (Louvre, Paris; photo: Steven Zucker, CC BY-NC-SA 2.0) [39][40][41], The Babylonian and Assyrian king lists mention eight or nine early Kassite rulers whose names are not fully known and who precede the following kings. The temples that the Kassite kings built or rebuilt are mainly in the Babylonian tradition, although one Kassite innovation was the use of molded bricks to form figures in relief. 1 The Assyrian Empire. The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Analytics". 234-37; idem, 1984, pp. A. Idem, Studies in Babylonian Feudalism of the Kassite Period, tr. XVI, Fasc. "16. The Kassite kings were called, by themselves and their colleagues in other Near Eastern states, kings of the land of Kar(an)dunia, the latter being a term for Babylonia that may have been Kassite in origin (del Monte and Tischler, 1978, pp. "Archive und Bibliotheken in Babylon. Balkan (1986, pp. They were the Babylonians in the south and the Assyrians to the north. (Optional) Enter email address if you would like feedback about your tag. 2014. The Babylonian empire founded by Hammurabi was overthrown by the Kassites (whose origins are unknown) in 1595 BCE, the conquest following a Hittite invasion that sacked Babylon but did not stay to rule over it.Over the following centuries, the Kassites successfully . 421-436. 3, 1979, pp. 5 What kind of government did the Kassites have? Gezer has been captured; Third Interim Report, 1944-5," Iraq, VIII, 1946, von Saldern, Axel. In Mark William Chavalas (ed.). Cush here probably refers, not to Ethiopia, but to the land of the Kassites in the mountains of east of Mesopotamia. . and ruled the area for 576 years. ISBN 0-521-563585. pp. 3, 1972, pp. Kassite kings ruled for about 400 years. Fourteen letters were exchanged between the pharaohs and two successive Kassite kings, Kadaman-Enlil I (1369-55 BCE) and Burnaburia II (1354-28 BCE). Historical records indicate that the remaining Kassiste people eventually migrated back to their homeland in modern day Iran and were conquered ruled by the Greeks under Alexander the Great. 2134, 1953, T. Clayden. Many Old Babylonian terms for functionaries do not continue. 55 f., 231, 325 ff., 336 ff.). This was followed by Dynasty II of Isin (1169-1039 b.c. The fall of Babylon is reported by a number of ancient sources, including the Cyrus Cylinder, the Greek historian Herodotus, as well as a number of books in the Old Testament. This website uses cookies to improve your experience while you navigate through the website. 3, 1963, pp. This period is marked by a building hiatus at Babylon, similar to the one after the fall of the First Babylonian dynasty. The History of Rome - Brief Overview Of Roman History from Her Dawn to the First Punic War. Their leaders came to power in Babylon following the collapse of the ruling dynasty of the Old Babylonian Period in 1595 BC. Volume 1 Kardunia. Like the Sumeriancs, no one knows for sure where they came from. After the fall of the Akkadian Empire, two new empires rose to power. and ruled the area for 576 years. 1750-1650 BC), and next an empire centered on Hattusa in north-central Anatolia around 1650 BC. G. del Monte and J. Tischler, Die Orts- und Gewssernamen der hethitischen Texte, Rpertoire Gographique des Textes Cuniformes 6, Wiesbaden, 1978. 43 f.; cf. Your email address will not be published. Most cultic offices and lower administrative ranks were almost exclusively in the hands of Babylonians (Akkadians). 32, no. J. Boese, Burnaburia II, Meliipak und die mittelbabylonische Chronologie, Ugarit Forschungen 14, 1982, pp. A number of the Amarna Letters are correspondence between the respective rulers (including 14 between the Pharaoh and the Kassite ruler). Sassmannshausen (2001, p. 137) infers that they were subjected to Kassite inspectors. Ahmose ruled in the 6th century BCE. 233-42. 159-70. J. Amazing Bible Timeline with World History, http://www.thenagain.info/WebChron/MiddleEast/Kassites.html, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kassites#Kassite_Dynasty_of_Babylo, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Kassite_Babylonia_EN.svg. 1499-1503. Major construction occurred under Kadashman-Enlil, Kudur-Enlil, and Shagarakti-Shuriash, with lesser levels of repair work under Adad-shuma-usur and Meli-Shipak. (2012). 15-26. By the 14th century BCE, the Kassites controlled the whole of Babylonia, including the Diyala region. 31217, Levine, Louis D. "Geographical Studies in the Neo-Assyrian ZagrosI." Judges 6:3 | View whole chapter | See verse in context. The earliest occurrence of an individual with a Kassite name in Babylonia is from Rm-Sn Is 53rd year (1770 BCE). The Kassites had also developed their unique style of poetry, architecture, medicine, sculpture, astrology and fortune telling. In the 12th century Elam struck the final blow at Kassite power in Babylonia, already weakened by local insurrection. The horse, the sacred animal of the Kassites, probably first came into use in Babylonia at this time. Babylonia under the Kassites 1, edited by Alexa Bartelmus and Katja Sternitzke, Berlin, Boston: De Gruyter, 2017, pp. 54, 1992, pp. [5] The chief gods, titular gods of the kings, were Shuqamuna and Shumaliya. Idem, rev. Astour, Michael C. The Name of the Ninth Kassite Ruler. Journal of the American Oriental Society, vol. It is possible that the Habiru in the Amarna Letters are a mix of Hebrews from Egypt and also local rebels from the previous Hebrew peoples, like Abraham was. 415 f.). This proves that the early Kassite state was able to assign large resources for huge projects. "uqamuna und u/imalija." Retrieved from https://www.worldhistory.org/kassite/. Other uncategorized cookies are those that are being analyzed and have not been classified into a category as yet. 224 f.). The documents reveal a centralized administration under the governor of Nippur and its province. The documentation from Old Babylonian Susa would have strengthened the case for the Zagros as the original country of the Kassites, were it not limited, undated, and to some extent of questionable interpretation (Zadok, 1987, p. 16). (Gen. 3:15) It is from the Horite priesthood that the priesthood of Israel developed. These cookies track visitors across websites and collect information to provide customized ads. Dr-Kurigalzu: Insights from Unpublished Iraqi Excavation Reports". A people called the Kassites conquered Babylonia in about 1600 bce. There is very little evidence for serious political problems before the thirteenth century BC when Assyria to the north and Elam to the east began to threaten Babylonia, and eventually brought an end to Kassite control. The Kassites left no cultural impact in Babylonia. F. H. Weissbach, he Kissa, in Pauly-Wissowa, RE 21, 1921, pp. 4553, Paulus, Susanne. Kassite period. KASSITES, a people who probably originated in the Zagros and who ruled Babylonia in the 16th-12th centuries BCE. Given that their existence was before Joshua and the Canaan conquest, it is difficult to label these rebels as Hebrews specifically from Egypt. Study on the Synchronistic King List from Ashur. Balkan, 1954, pp. The art of the Kassite period is best known for a type of stone monument known as a kudurru ( 1985.45 ). J. Oelsner, Landvergabe im kassitischen Babylonien, in M. A. Dandamayev, I. Gershevitch, H. Klengel, G. Komorczy, M. T. Larsen, and J. N. Postgate, eds., Societies and Languages in the Ancient Near East: Studies in Honour of I.M. The world of the Bible is knowable. Kassite period. Kassite. The Kassites unified Mesopotamia into one culture centred around Babylon The HURRIANS c. 905-886 BC Also known as Hanigalbat, the Hurrians were Indo-Iranian warrior people who filled the vacuum left in central and northern Mesopotamia after the segregation and fall of their city kingdoms. The Babylonian territory had experienced internal strife and rebellion and the people of Elam took advantage of this situation and conquered Babylon. J. Boese and G. Wilhelm, Aur-dn I., Ninurta-apil-Ekur und die mittelassyrische Chronologie, WZKM 71, 1979, pp. American Journal of Archaeology, vol. ). Volume 2 Kardunia. Judges 8:33 records that after Gideon died, the Israelites turned from the Lord and worshiped Baals and made Baal-berith their God. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. (Non-dynastic usurpers17351701 BCE) How much longer should the Sun remain in its stable phase? 279-84. Kassites after the fall of the Kassite dynasty. Balkan, 1954, p. 109). The Kassites: The History and Legacy of the Ancient Civilization that Ruled the Babylonian Empire after Hammurabi and the First Babylonian Dynasty eBook : Charles River Editors: Amazon.co.uk: Kindle Store Idem, Prelude to Empire: Babylonian Society and Politics, 747-626 B.C., Occasional Publications of the Babylonian Fund 7, Philadelphia, 1984. Ghent, 1998. It is thought that the Kassites originated as tribal groups in the Zagros Mountains to the north-east of Babylonia. Ancient Babylon was an influential city that served as a center of Mesopotamian civilization for nearly two millennia, from roughly 2000 B.C. Babylonia under the Kassites 1, edited by Alexa Bartelmus and Katja Sternitzke, Berlin, Boston: De Gruyter, 2017, pp. The Hittites (/ h t a t s /) were an Anatolian people who played an important role in establishing first a kingdom in Kussara before 1750 BC, then the Kanesh or Nesha kingdom (ca. Running a website with millions of readers every month is expensive. 93-111, Schulman, Alan R. Diplomatic Marriage in the Egyptian New Kingdom. Journal of Near Eastern Studies, vol. In the 207th letter Ipte praises Baal of the sun, for delivering him in battle against the Apiru. Nevertheless, some Babylonian cultural influence presumably persisted there. NON-IRANIAN LANGUAGES (5) KASSITE. They eventually detached themselves from the Babylonian state and its urban centers, probably because they were unpaid or unprovisioned. The Kassites took refuge in the mountains but were brought down and resettled, in standard Assyrian practice, in Hardispi and Bit Kubatti, which were made part of the Arrapha district. The Sealand, which was ruled by another dynasty perhaps since the demise of Babylons rule in the south, was incorporated into Babylonia in ca. [19], The ancient city of Nippur was a major focus for the Kassites. During this time, in the 1300s bce, Assyria broke away from Babylonia. Their direct or indirect ties to the Middle Euphrates region enhanced their communication with the Hittites who controlled parts of northern Syria, so they might have been instrumental in enabling the temporary conquest of Babylon by the Hittite king Telipinu, who put an end to Hammurabis dynasty in 1595 BCE and eventually gave way for the Kassite rule in Babylonia. 8, line 46; 9, 41). K. Jaritz, Die kassitische Sprachreste, Anthropos 52, 1957, pp. Babylonian Pottery in the Kassite Period". You also have the option to opt-out of these cookies. There were 36 kings in this dynasty ruling 576 years and 9 months. 10, 1980, pp. 411 f.) is of the opinion that they penetrated from the central Zagros via the lower Diyala region into northern Babylonia, notably the Sippar region during the late Old Babylonian period. This article is available in print.Vol. The Canaan has been plundered into every sort of woe: The Absurd History Of Papal Edicts Concerning Jews, How Well Do You Know Your Bible? ), in O. Lipschits and J. Blenkinsopp, eds., Judah and Judeans in the Neo-Babylonian Period, Winona Lake, 2003, pp. and debt slaves, thereby containing internal inequalities of wealth and legal status (slave-free continuum: see Brinkman, 1982). First mentioned in Elamite texts of the late 3rd millennium bc, they penetrated into Mesopotamia in the 2nd millennium,. [2] A dynasty of Kassite origin ruled Babylonia starting with the fifteenth century BCE. More could be said about archaeology and the conquest of Canaan but for the sake of this post I will not include everything. Cuneiform Texts in The Otago Museum: A preliminary report. They continued to refer to such units after they had taken control over cities. Mesopotamian History and Around 1500 BC. Bible History - C. 1404-1062 BC From the beginning, we have great leaders of the people such as Abraham, Joseph, Moses, and Joshua. A. Armstrong, S. W. Cole, and V. G. Gurzadyan, Dating the Fall of Babylon: A Reappraisal of Second-Millennium Chronology (a Joint Ghent-Chicago-Harvard Project), Mesopotamian History and Environment 2: Memoirs 4. For less than $1 a week, you'll get devotionals, Bible study guides, thematic studies, and much more! The Early Kassite Period". Under the later Kassite kings political authority was weakened as peripheral provinces detached themselves from effective state control (see Brinkman, 1963, pp. In most of the pertinent filiations the father has a Kassite, and the son a Babylonian, name. Just exactly who The Kassites were, and anything about their origins and history, is very obscure. Top level: Mesopotamian Gods in symbolic form, second level: animals and deities playing musical instruments (detail), "Unfinished" Kudurru, Kassite period, attributed to the reign of Melishipak, 1186-1172 B.C.E., found in Susa, where it had been taken as war booty in the 12th century B.C.E. 1, pp. They were divided into three main tribes, the Bit-Dakkuri, the Bit-Amukani, and the Bit-Jakin, against whom the Assyrians waged war in the ninth century B.C. What Are The Names of the Thieves Crucified With Christ. And so it was, when Israel had sown, that the Midianites came up, and the Amalekites, and the children of the east, even they came up against . 24 f., 33 f., 38 f., 45, 54, 57, 66 f., 68 ff., 82 ff., 92 ff.). The Kassites seem to be relatively new to the region, in view of the fact that they do not appear among the peoples who inhabited the central and southern Zagros according to Sargonic and Ur III sources. Your email address will not be published. World History Encyclopedia. 1570 or 1560 BCE; see Zadok, 1999-2000, pp. Unfortunately the tablet containing the list is fragmentary. According to history, what we do know is that they first appeared as a military force in the time of Samsuiluna (1749-1712 BC), Hammurapi's successor, but that is all we know about them until the time that they established a dynasty in Babylonia, around 1595 BC. 211 f.). 8, 1966, pp. "People Praying on Stone: Identity in Kassite Babylonian Seals, ca. Cancik-Kirschbaum, 1996, no. Volume 1 Kardunia. Kassite, member of an ancient people known primarily for establishing the second, or middle, Babylonian dynasty; they were believed (perhaps wrongly) to have originated in the Zagros Mountains of Iran. Katiliau of Terqa was probably a contemporary of Abi-euh (1711-1684 BCE; see Podany, 2002, pp. 1, 1989, pp. They date the fall of Babylon to ca. 55, No. AbydosDynasty It was discovered in 1896 and is stored in the Cairo Museum currently. K. Balkan (1986, pp. At some point between the 14th and 9th centuries BCE, the great ziggurat of Babylon was built which would later become associated with the Tower of Babel. Unlike conquerors who preceded them, the Kassites do not seem to have been considered a foreign and intrusive element by the Babylonians in the post-Kassite period and later. Republished under the British Museum Standard Terms of Use for non-profit educational purposes. M. Stol, Studies in Old Babylonian History, Publications de lInstitut historique-archologique nerlandais de Stamboul 40, Leiden, 1975. Most of the Kassite kings ruled on an average of 17 to 20 years. We contribute a share of our revenue to remove carbon from the atmosphere and we offset our team's carbon footprint. Kassites are recorded in Media during the first half of the first millennium BCE (see Zadok, 2002, pp. Read Ahmose Is stelae and read Ahmose IIs stelas the second stelae abruptly ends only halfway through at the Red Sea after chasing a race of people through what sounds exactly like the Exodus route. Kassite toponyms refer to three polities in western Media, viz., Nahi-marti, Bt-Kilamzah, and Bt-Kubatti. [1] By the time of Babylon's fall, the Kassites had already been part of the region for a century and a half, acting sometimes with the Babylon's interests and sometimes against. A timeline of ancient Mesopotamian history up to and including the Persians. She was the pharaohs daughter that pulled Moses from the water. 417 f.). Copyright 2023 Wisdom-Advices | All rights reserved. Brinkman, Provincial Administration in Babylonia under the second Dynasty of Isin, JESHO 6, 1963, pp. Ancient Orient Museum, Kudurru mentioning the name of the Kassite king Kurigalzu II, from Nippur, Iraq, Ancient Orient Museum, Babylonian cuneiform tablet with a map from Nippur, Kassite period, 1550-1450 BCE, Winged centaur hunting animals.